fufufafaIntroduction:
The tale of Jaka Tarub and the Seven Angels, and the subsequent Oath of Borobudur, is a cornerstone of Javanese folklore, a tapestry woven from threads of ancient beliefs, societal values, and the vibrant landscape of the Indonesian archipelago. This is a story passed down through generations, etched into the memories of villagers and refined by the storytellers of old. It is a traditional narrative, a window into the minds and hearts of a people who, centuries ago, sought to understand the world through myth and legend. This story, like many others, is not a factual account of events, but a reflection of the human experience, a means of explaining the complexities of life, love, loss, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.
Origins and Cultural Background:
The story of Jaka Tarub and the Seven Angels finds its roots in the rich cultural soil of Java, particularly during the era of the Mataram Kingdom and its predecessors. This was a time when Hinduism and Buddhism intertwined, shaping the spiritual landscape of the region. The people of Java, deeply connected to the land and the rhythms of nature, lived in a world filled with both visible and unseen forces. They believed in a cosmos populated by gods, spirits, and mythical creatures, all interacting with the mortal realm. Their understanding of the world was often expressed through elaborate ceremonies, artistic expression, and, of course, the spoken word.
The lush green rice paddies, the towering volcanoes that dominated the horizon, and the dense, mystical forests all played a part in shaping their worldview. They observed the cyclical nature of the seasons, the ebb and flow of the tides, and the predictable movements of the celestial bodies. This close relationship with nature led them to believe in the interconnectedness of all things, where the boundaries between the human and the divine were often blurred. The social structure was hierarchical, with royalty and the priestly class holding significant power, and these figures often served as central characters in the epic tales that were told.
Character/Creature Description:
At the heart of this legend is Jaka Tarub, a handsome and resourceful young farmer, a man of the people, known for his kindness and strong sense of justice. He is not a god or a demigod in the traditional sense, but rather a man elevated by his virtue and his connection to the natural world. He represents the common man, the one who works the land, and is often portrayed as possessing a strong moral compass.
The Seven Angels, or Bidadari in Javanese, are ethereal beings, celestial nymphs who descend from the heavens to bathe in a mortal pool. They are described as beings of radiant beauty, their presence bringing a sense of enchantment and wonder to the story. Each angel possesses a garment, a selendang (shawl) that grants them the ability to fly. Their clothing represents their connection to the celestial realm and their ability to transcend the limitations of the earthly plane. These angels are not inherently good or evil, but rather represent a purity, a grace, and an otherworldly allure that captivates those who encounter them.
Main Story/Narrative Retelling:
One day, deep within the heart of a lush forest, where the sunlight dappled through the leaves and the air hummed with the symphony of the jungle, Jaka Tarub stumbled upon a hidden spring. He had heard whispers of this place, a secret sanctuary where the Bidadari came down from the heavens to bathe. Curiosity, and perhaps a touch of fate, led him there.
He hid himself amongst the foliage and, with bated breath, witnessed a sight that would forever change his life. Seven beautiful angels, their forms shimmering with an ethereal glow, descended from the sky. They shed their selendang and plunged into the cool, clear waters, their laughter echoing through the trees. Jaka Tarub, mesmerized by their beauty, watched as they frolicked in the pool.
When the angels had finished their bath and prepared to return to the heavens, Jaka Tarub, driven by a mixture of longing and audacity, seized one of the selendang. The angels, realizing one of their garments was missing, searched frantically. The search continued until the other six angels ascended back to the heavens, leaving only the seventh, a beautiful angel named Nawang Wulan, behind.
Jaka Tarub, revealing himself, offered his assistance to Nawang Wulan, explaining he had taken her selendang. She was heartbroken. Without her selendang, she could not return to the heavens and was forced to stay on Earth. Over time, Jaka Tarub and Nawang Wulan fell in love and were eventually married. They lived together in a small village, and had a beautiful daughter.
However, Nawang Wulan never forgot her celestial origins. She always longed for her selendang and the life she once knew. Jaka Tarub, sensing her sadness, hid her shawl in a secret place. He believed that this way, she would never leave him.
One day, while cooking rice, Nawang Wulan discovered that their rice pot was always running low. She grew suspicious, and in her quest to understand why, she accidentally found her hidden selendang. Realizing her husband’s deception, she knew she had to leave. Before she departed, she gave her daughter a secret instruction to always be honest and tell the truth. Nawang Wulan ascended to the heavens, leaving Jaka Tarub heartbroken and alone.
In his grief, Jaka Tarub vowed to find her. The search led him to the magnificent temple of Borobudur. It was there, amidst the intricate carvings and towering stupas, that Jaka Tarub, in his despair, made an oath. This Oath of Borobudur became a symbol of his enduring love, and the strength of his commitment to seek his lost love. The oath, spoken in the shadow of the sacred monument, was a testament to his determination and the profound nature of his loss. The story ends, with the enduring mystery of love and loss.
Symbolism and Meaning:
The story of Jaka Tarub is rich in symbolism. Jaka Tarub, the mortal man, represents human desire and the consequences of those desires. His actions, driven by love and a desire to possess, ultimately lead to the loss of his beloved. The Seven Angels, or the Bidadari, embody purity, beauty, and the ephemeral nature of happiness. Their descent to Earth and their subsequent separation from Jaka Tarub reflects the delicate balance between the mortal and the divine, the human and the celestial.
The stolen selendang symbolizes not only the angels’ power to return to their world but also the act of deceit and the disruption of harmony. Nawang Wulan’s ability to cook rice magically represents divine assistance and the blessings of the heavens. The Oath of Borobudur, is a demonstration of the power of commitment and the enduring nature of love, even in the face of loss. The story also explores themes of honesty, fidelity, and the consequences of our actions. The myth reflects values such as the importance of truthfulness, the sacredness of relationships, and the acceptance of one’s fate.
Modern Perspective:
Today, the tale of Jaka Tarub and the Seven Angels continues to resonate with people in various forms. It’s often retold in contemporary literature, music, and dance performances, with new layers of meaning and interpretations added by modern artists. The story is a staple in Javanese cultural studies, providing valuable insights into the beliefs and values of the people. It serves as a reminder of the importance of honoring one’s heritage and appreciating the richness of storytelling. The myth may also appear in modern video games or films as a source of cultural inspiration.
Conclusion:
The legend of Jaka Tarub and the Oath of Borobudur is a beautiful example of the enduring power of storytelling. It offers us a glimpse into the heart of Javanese culture, revealing the ancient people’s deep connection to the natural world, their appreciation for beauty, and their profound understanding of the human condition.
As Muslims, we recognize that only Allah is the true Creator and Sustainer. We believe in the one God, and we find wisdom and guidance in the teachings of Islam. This understanding allows us to appreciate the cultural heritage and storytelling traditions of others while maintaining our faith. The tale of Jaka Tarub, though a product of a different belief system, can still be valued for its artistic merit and its exploration of universal human experiences. The story is an invitation to reflect on our own values, the nature of love, and the importance of preserving the rich tapestry of human culture. Let us celebrate this heritage through respectful contemplation, and by reflecting on the wisdom and beauty found in the stories of the past.
